The Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000, also known as the IT Act, is a comprehensive law in India that governs e-commerce, electronic communication, cybersecurity, and data protection. It provides the legal framework for electronic governance by giving recognition to electronic records and digital signatures. Here are some important sections of the IT Act that are commonly referenced and may be Read More …
CG SET GENERAL PAPER-I PREVIOUS PAPERS
PAPER-I 2019 PAPER-I 2018 PAPER-I 2017
CG SET Commerce Previous Papers With Answer Key
SET COMMERCE 2019 SET COMMERCE 2018 SET COMMERCE 2017 For CG SET Paper one previous papers click here
What are the important things to consider while charging depriciation
When charging depreciation, whether for financial reporting or tax purposes, it’s essential to follow best practices to ensure accuracy, compliance, and transparency in your accounting practices. Here are some important “do’s” and “don’ts” to consider when dealing with depreciation: Do’s: Understand Depreciation Methods: Familiarize yourself with the various depreciation methods (e.g., Straight-Line, Diminishing Balance, Units of Production) and choose the Read More …
Reseasons for Charging Depriciation
Charging depreciation is a crucial accounting practice that serves several essential purposes in financial reporting and decision-making for businesses and organizations. Below, we’ll delve into the reasons why it is important to charge depreciation: Matching Principle: Depreciation aligns with the accounting principle of matching expenses with revenues. When a business acquires an asset (e.g., machinery, buildings, vehicles), it incurs a Read More …
Straight-Line Method of Depriciation
The Straight-Line Method of depreciation is one of the most straightforward and commonly used methods for allocating the cost of an asset over its useful life. In India, this method is widely employed for financial reporting and tax purposes. This approach assumes that an asset’s value decreases evenly over its useful life, resulting in a consistent depreciation expense each year. Read More …
Diminishing Balance Method of Depreciation
The Diminishing Balance Method of depreciation, also known as the Declining Balance Method or Written Down Value (WDV) method, is one of the most commonly used depreciation methods in India. It recognizes that assets tend to lose their value more rapidly in the earlier years of their useful life and slower in the later years. This method reflects this pattern Read More …
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय विपणन की विशेषताएं
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय विपणन की मुख्य विशेषताएं निम्न बिन्दुओं के माध्यम से समझते हैं : वैश्विक बाजार विस्तार: अंतरराष्ट्रीय विपणन का मतलब होता है कि किसी कंपनी अपने व्यापार को अपने देशीय बाजार के पार विश्वभर में बढ़ाती है और विश्वभर के ग्राहकों को लक्ष्य बनाती है। इसमें कई देशों और क्षेत्रों के ग्राहकों को लक्ष्य बनाना शामिल होता है। विविध सांस्कृतिक Read More …
Difference Between International Marketing and Domestic Marketing
Marketing is a fundamental aspect of any business’s success. It’s the process of promoting and selling products or services to customers, and it can take on different forms depending on the target audience. Two primary approaches to marketing are international marketing and domestic marketing. In this blog post, we will explore the key differences between these two strategies and why Read More …
Modes of Entry in International Market
There are numerous modes of entry into international markets. A detailed discussion is given as follows : Exporting: Direct Exporting: In this mode, a company sells its products directly to customers or distributors in foreign markets. For example, a clothing manufacturer in the United States exports its products to retailers in Europe through its own sales team or e-commerce platform. Read More …
Karnataka SET 2020 Solved Paper
1. Assertion (A) : India’s balance of payments is always in disequilibrium. Reason (R) : The demand for foreign exchange is more than its supply. Codes : Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (A) is correct but Read More …
UPHESC 2021 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR COMMERCE ANSWER KEY
This is an expected solution of the UPHESC-Commerce paper held on 30/10/2021. The answer key is UNOFFICIAL and it is made for information purposes only. 31. Which of the following statement is correct in regards to economic policy Fiscal policy is enacted by a national government. Monetary policy is enacted by a central bank. Select the correct answers from the Read More …
MCQs on Methods of Human Resource Accounting
These MCQs are helpful in understanding the Methods of Human Resource Accounting. Solve these MCQs carefully and check your knowledge 1. Which method of Human Resource Accounting states that only scarce people should comprise the value of human resources? Replacement Cost Method Historical Cost Method Opportunity Cost Method Economic Value Method Answer 3. Opportunity Cost Method Explanation The Opportunity Cost Read More …
TIPS FOR CLEARING NET-JRF EXAM
UGC NET, which is conducted by National Testing Agency (NTA) is a national level examination for the eligibility of Assistant Professor. Candidates who qualify for Junior Research Fellowship are eligible for scholarships for pursuing Ph.D. (more). Clearing NET in any subject is not an easy task and not everyone’s cup of tea. However, proper guidance could prove very useful in Read More …
Fishers Ideal Index Number: Calculation, Features and Limitation
Fishers Ideal Index Number is one the important price index number. Prof Irving Fisher developed this index number after an extensive study of 134 different formulae. It is a type of weighted index number. Calculation Process: Calculation process of fishers formula is as follows For calculation, 9 columns are drawn. First columns for commodities, second for price in base year Read More …
ENTREPRENEURSHIP NOTES FOR B.COM V SEM AS PER NEW CBCS SYLLABUS
Dear Students, here are your notes for the subject Entrepreneurship. These notes are in both Hindi and English. Download the files and go through them thoroughly. These notes are best viewed in WPS office. click HERE to download WPS office from play store. You can view the PowerPoint presentations of the classes on my Slideshare profile https://www.slideshare.net/ToranVerma/presentations
What are the functions of NSDL?
National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) is a central securities depository of India with its office in Mumbai. It was established in August 1996 as the first electronic securities depository company in the country. NSDL is governed by the Depositories Act, 1996 and it works under the jurisdiction of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). It has been promoted by the UTI, NSE, State Bank Read More …
TYPES OF LEVERAGE
Operating leverage: Operating leverage is concerned with the relationship between the firm’s sales revenue and its earnings before interest and taxes, or EBIT (Operating profit). Operating leverage is defined as the firm’s ability to use fixed operating costs to magnify the effects of changes in sales on its earnings before interest on tax. Degree of Operating Leverage The degree of Read More …
Capital Budgeting: Meaning, Nature and Process
Meaning Capital Budgeting decision is considered most important and most critical decision for finance manager. It involves decisions related to long-term investments of capital nature. The returns from such investments are scattered over a number of years. Since it requires huge amount of funds, it is considered irreversible. Some examples of capital budgeting decisions are Purchase of new plant and Read More …
Wealth Maximization Objective
Wealth Maximization Objective is also known as “Value Maximization” or “Net Present Worth Maximization.” This objective is considered appropriate for decision making. Wealth means the wealth of shareholders. The wealth of shareholders is determined by the market value of shares. Wealth also signifies Net Present Value(NPV) which is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present Read More …
MODES OF CREATION OF AGENCY
Who is an agent and a principle (Sec. 182) An “agent” is a person employed to do any act for another, or to represent another in dealing with third persons. The person for whom such act is done, or who is so represented, is called the “principal”. The relationship between an agent and a principal is called an “Agency.” An Read More …
Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles
Henry Mintzberg, a renowned management theorist, identified ten managerial roles that are essential for effective management. These roles are divided into three main categories: Interpersonal, Informational, and Decisional. Mintzberg’s theory provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the diverse tasks and responsibilities that managers undertake in organizations. Here is an explanation of Mintzberg’s managerial roles theory: Overview of Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles Read More …
Major Methods of Job Analysis
Job analysis involves collecting data about the tasks, responsibilities, and context of a job. This information is used to make informed decisions about hiring, training, compensation, and performance management. There are several methods and tools used in job analysis, each with its specific focus and application. Functional Job Analysis (FJA) Description: FJA is a quantitative method that breaks down job Read More …
Approaches to Industrial Relations
Industrial relations (IR) encompass the relationships and interactions between employers, employees, and their representatives, typically within the framework of an industrial or organizational setting. Various approaches to industrial relations offer different perspectives on how these relationships and interactions should be understood and managed. Here are the major approaches in detail: 1. Unitary Approach Key Features: Single Entity: The organization is Read More …
The different forms of assistance provided by the IMF to its member countries
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides various forms of assistance to its member countries to help them address balance of payments problems, stabilize their economies, and promote sustainable growth. The different forms of assistance provided by the IMF can be categorized into financial assistance, technical assistance, and capacity development. Here is a detailed explanation of each form: 1. Financial Assistance Read More …
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